Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Knowledge About Management of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients in Peruvian Dental Students: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Background: Cleft lip and palate are relatively frequent craniofacial alterations caused by the lack of union of the frontonasal processes with the maxillary processes during the first weeks of intrauterine life. This study evaluated the sociodemographic factors associated with the level of knowledge about management of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients in Peruvian dental students. Methods: This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated 191 dental students belonging to two branches of a private Peruvian university (one branch in the capital city and the other in a province), from September to November 2022. A validated questionnaire of 14 closed multiple-choice questions was used. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the variables: sex, age, academic year of study, marital status, relationship with CLP persons, place of origin and area of residence, on the level of knowledge of the students considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of the total, 77%, 22.5% and 0.5% presented a poor, fair and good level of knowledge, respectively, on the dental management of the patient with cleft lip and palate. In addition, those who lived in urban areas were 2.8 times more likely to have poor knowledge about the dental management of patients with CLP, compared to those who lived in non-urban areas (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.26–6.33). Finally, sex, age, marital status, place of origin, academic year of studies and relationship with CLP persons were not considered influential factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: Most of the students showed a poor level of knowledge about the dental management of patients with cleft lip and palate, a risk factor being that the students live in an urban area. It is recommended that educational authorities include selected topics on CLP in subjects related to infant, child and adolescent care.