Impacto en el monitoreo de carga viral de VIH en el laboratorio del hospital nacional sergio E. Bernales 2019-2021

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of monitoring the HIV viral load in the Laboratory of the Sergio E. Bernales National Hospital during the period 2019 to 2021. A descriptive, quantitative, observational, retrospective, comparative, and analytical study was carried out. We worked with 490 patients who had follow-up viral load. The findings revealed a predominance of males with 64% of HIV cases and 36% of females. During the monitoring period, 14.9% of the patients were admitted as new HIV cases, while 8% started antiretroviral treatment (ART). Regarding the viral load results, 14.9% of the patients had a viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml, 5 patients had between 200 and 1000 cp/ml. 70 patients had a viral load greater than 40 to ≤ 1000 cp/mL, 173 patients had a viral load less than 40 cp/mL, and 174 patients had an undetectable viral load. At the end of the monitoring study, a statistical significance of 0.00 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.450 were found, indicating a weak to moderate correlation between the final viral load and the monitoring result. These findings highlight the crucial importance of timely monitoring of viral load in patients with HIV. It was evidenced that 38.3% of the patients who had adequate viral load follow-up achieved viral suppression, 43.5% maintained viral suppression, 14.9% experienced virological failure, and 1% presented resistant viremia.